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Isaiah Shembe
Isaiah Mloyiswa Mdliwamafa Shembe (c.1865〔John Langalibalele Dube (1936) ''uShembe'' (Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter Publishers Pty Ltd)〕– 2 May 1935), was the founder of the Ibandla lamaNazaretha, South Africa, which was the largest African-initiated church in Africa during his lifetime.〔(University of Calgary )〕 A self-styled prophet who claimed to have been sent directly by God, Shembe started his religious career as an itinerant evangelist and faith healer in 1910. Within ten years he had built up a large following in Natal with dozens of congregations across the province. Although the Nazarites were eventually eclipsed in size by several other Zionist Churches, the Nazarite church eventually had well over a million members before it began to splinter into competing groups in the 1980s.
==Birth and Early Life==
He was born in 1865, at Ntabamhlophe (Estcourt district) in the Drakensberg region of Natal.He was of pure Zulu breed. When he was very young his family had fled from Shaka during the Mfecane period. His father, Mayekisa, traced his lineage four generations back among members of the Ntungwa tribe.〔I. Hexham, G. Oosthuizen, eds. (1996) ''The Story of Isaiah Shembe'', Vol. 1, History and Traditions Centered on Ekuphakameni and Mount Nhlangankazi (Lewiston: Edwin Mellen)〕 His mother was Sitheya, the daughter of Malindi Hadebe, was born at Mtimkulu.〔
Shembe's family left Natal for the adjacent Harrismith district of Orange Free State in the 1880s, ending up there as tenants for an Afrikaner family named the Graabes.〔L. Gunner (2002) ''The Man of Heaven and the Beautiful Ones of God'' (Leiden: Brill) ISBN 9004125426〕 The young Shembe appears to have labored for this Boer family as well, and spent considerable time working with the farm's horses. There is a considerable lore of hagiographic tradition concerned with the young Shembe. He is alleged, for instance, to have died young at the age of three, before being resurrected after his relatives sacrificed a bull prior to his burial. He was also allegedly visited by God on many occasions in these years.〔〔
Shembe claimed that the voice of God taught him how to pray. Thereafter it commanded him to find a place to pray to God on regularly basis. He started visiting the Weselyn Church that was nearby. However he did not spend much time there, because the laws which he was taught in vision by the Word, were not followed in the church. For instance baptism by immersion was not practiced, this was one of the key law that made him to desert Weselyn Church. By the time of the South African War, Shembe was married and was working for the Graabes as a tenant in his own right. However, the war disrupted his situation. After abandoning his wives, he spent some time on the Rand as a migrant.〔 During this time, he seems to have attended the African Native Baptist Church, led by William Leshega, in Boksburg.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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